Step 1: Port Settings

Port Number: Select the serial communication port of your PC to which the target device is connected. Most present day IBM compatible PCs have a single serial communication port with an address of COM1.

Speed: Select the burning speed. (Preferably 9600)

Step 2: Device Settings

Select the target device. (The TRI ISP – Beta version supports only P89v51RD2.)

Step 3: Load Hex File

The Hex File can be loaded either by clicking the ‘Browse’ button and selecting the Hex File or directly typing its path.

Or

Step 3: Burn

Once the Hex File is loaded, click the ‘Burn’ button and reset your target device. The burn status will be displayed on the progress bar and once the progress bar indicates that the process is completed, reset the target device.

To Download TRI ISP Click Here : http://www.triindia.co.in/download/TRI ISP.MSI

6.iBoard compatible TRIC LIBRARY to easy programming
7.Comprehensive User Guide

As already mentioned the compiler used by TRI C is SDCC. SDCC is an ANSI – C compiler that targets the Intel 8051, Maxim 80DS390, Zilog Z80 and the Motorola 68HC08 based MCUs. SDCC is Free Open Source Software, distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL).

*you can get SDCC from :http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/

Some of the features include:
1.ASXXXX and ASLINK, a Freeware, retargettable assembler and linker.
2.Extensive MCU specific language extensions, allowing effective use of the underlying hardware.
3.MCU specific optimizations, including a global register allocator.
4.Adaptable MCU specific backend that should be well suited for other 8 bit MCUs

5.Independent rule based peep hole optimizer.
6.A full range of data types: char (8 bits, 1 byte), short (16 bits, 2 bytes), int (16 bits, 2 bytes), long (32 bit, 4 bytes) and float (4
byte IEEE).
7.The ability to add inline assembler code anywhere in a function.
8.The ability to report on the complexity of a function to help decide what should be re-written in assembler.
9.A good selection of automated regression tests.

Installing TRIC
Just download the installer form the link given below and start off…
NOTE:

• You can always get product updates, application notes, latest Version and sample programs from :

Download TRI C : http://triindia.co.in/download/tric_Package.zip

For Technical Support Drop A mail On :support-tric@triindia.co.in

STEP 1

To create a new project file select New Project from the Project Menu. This opens a standard Windows dialog box asking for project file name. Generally its a good idea to save different projects in different folders. So we shall use Create New Folder in this dialog to get a new empty folder.Select this folder and enter the file name for the new project, i.e. Project1.TRC creates a new project file with the name PROJECT1.trc. The project name appears in the Project Window.

STEP 2

Create a new source file by clicking on File — New. This opens an empty editor window to write the source code. TRIC enables the C color syntax highlighting. Now save the file with the extension *.C (default). We shall save our example under the name EXAMPLE.C.

/* Program to blink an LED */

#include

/*we include the necessary header file here which depends on the type of microcontroller we use. There are separate header files for separate microcontrollers in SDCC.*/

void delay(unsigned int dela) /*This a simple delay function using the nested ‘for loop’ */
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<=1000;i++)

for(j=0;j<=dela;j++);
}

void main(void) //main program begins here
{

while (1) //since there is no where to return
//we put it in an infinite loop
{
RXD=0; //LED 1 is on pin RXD at PORT 3_1, we //turn it ON

delay (20); //wait for a short time
RXD=1; //turn the LED 1 OFF
delay(20); //wait for a short time

}
}

STEP 3

Once we have created a source file we need to add this to our project. To do this click on Project – Add Main File. The option Add Main Files opens the standard files dialog. Select the file EXAMPLE.C that we just created. If the main file has more than one file then we can add more files using the option Add Sub File. The name of the added files can be seen in the Project workspace.

STEP 4

Finally we can compile our project by clicking on Project – Compile option, which displays errors and warnings if any in the source code otherwise generates the EXAMPLE.ihx .

Download TRIC and Enjoy

Browse through the CD that has been provided with the i-MACH kit.

For installation on windows, locate the setup file which would be available at the location /CiMPLE_Installation/windows/cimple_setup.exe

You can even download the same setup from the link http://triindia.co.in/download/cimple_setup.exe

Getting Started: Pre-installation checklist

For windows

Windows xp and above.

Performing the installation on Windows

Starting the installation

Once you choose to run the set up file, you will be guided through the installation process.

Just follow the steps as mentioned below and you will be done with the installation of CiMPLE.

Once you click on the set up file, a window as below appears

Click on ‘Next’, this takes you further

By default CiMPLE gets installed under C:\Program Files\CiMPLE directory. When this path appears as the destination folder, click on ‘Install’.

The installation process begins

Installing the dependencies

As the set up progresses, you get a prompt to install WinAVR which is an open source software development tool that is needed to run CiMPLE.

Select the language for installing WinAVR, default is english and click ‘OK’.

You will be guided through this setup.

Click on ‘Next’ and continue.

Accept the license agreement by clicking ‘I Agree’ and continue.

By default WinAVR gets installed under C:\ WinAVR-20080402rc1 directory. Once this location appears as the destination folder, click on ‘Next’.

You will be asked to choose features of WinAVR that you would like to install. Go by the default selections and click on ‘Install’.

The installation process begins

Finishing up

Once done, you will get a window as below.

Click on ‘Finish’ to end WinAVR installation.

Next end the CiMPLE installation.

Click on ‘Finish’ to end installation and start CiMPLE application. A user interface as shown below appears. You can write your CiMPLE code here.

Connecting the hardware

When you are done with writing the code, have saved it, compiled it and connect the hardware for the first time to burn your program, a message as shown below would appear

Subsequently another window as below would pop up. On this window select ‘No, not this time’ and click on ‘Next’.

Another window asking you to install automatically or from a specific location would appear. Select the option ‘Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)’ and click on ‘Next’.

Then you would be required to select a location to search for the components to be installed. Check the option ‘Include this location in the search’ and click on browse to locate the directory to be searched.

During the installation, a folder named “USBasp Driver” available in the directory CiMPLE_Installation\Windows in the CD gets copied on to your desktop, browse to this location on your desktop. Select this directory and click ‘OK’.

The USBasp driver can also be obtained from this link http://triindia.co.in/download/USBasp%20Driver.zip

Once this path appears in the location to be searched, click on ‘Next’.

The installation would then begin.

You will be prompted to choose the location of the file libusb0.sys. For the same, browse to the directory \Desktop\USBasp Driver\bin, select libusb0.sys and click ‘Open’.

This path would get included as the location to copy files from. Once done, click on ‘OK’.

This would complete the installation of the software for USBasp driver. Click on ‘Finish’ to exit the setup.

Once done with this, you can connect the hardware to your system and burn your code written in CiMPLE on to the same.

1.Windows-based IDE that combines a robust editor, project manager, and compiler.
2.TRI C integrates all tools including the SDCC compiler(which includes macro assembler, linker/locator, and HEX file generator).
3.Full-featured source code editor,
4.Project manager for creating and maintaining your projects,
5.Integrated compiling facility.
6.iBoard compatible TRIC LIBRARY to easy programming
7.Comprehensive User Guide

As already mentioned the compiler used by TRI C is SDCC. SDCC is an ANSI – C compiler that targets the Intel 8051, Maxim 80DS390, Zilog Z80 and the Motorola 68HC08 based MCUs. SDCC is Free Open Source Software, distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL).

*you can get SDCC from :http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/

Some of the features include:
1.ASXXXX and ASLINK, a Freeware, retargettable assembler and linker.
2.Extensive MCU specific language extensions, allowing effective use of the underlying hardware.
3.MCU specific optimizations, including a global register allocator.
4.Adaptable MCU specific backend that should be well suited for other 8 bit MCUs
5.Independent rule based peep hole optimizer.
6.A full range of data types: char (8 bits, 1 byte), short (16 bits, 2 bytes), int (16 bits, 2 bytes), long (32 bit, 4 bytes) and float (4
byte IEEE).
7.The ability to add inline assembler code anywhere in a function.
8.The ability to report on the complexity of a function to help decide what should be re-written in assembler.
9.A good selection of automated regression tests.

Installing TRIC
Just download the installer form the link given below and start off…
NOTE:
• You can always get product updates, application notes, latest Version and sample programs from :

Download TRI C : http://triindia.co.in/download/tric_Package.zip

For Technical Support Drop A mail On :support-tric@triindia.co.in

For starters we are talking about controlling motors here. When it comes to controlling such devices, it’s always the legendary parallel port that hobbyists have been resorting to, since minimizing the required hardware, facilitating simple operation and a faster development cycle are some of the advantages that the parallel port has to offer.

So, without wasting anytime, lets start our session…your development time starts here…..

The Hardware:

Here is how the standard DB25 connector (parallel port connector) at the back-side of your CPU cabinet is configured:

Fig: Parallel port pin configuration

As the name refers, your data is transferred over data lines (bidirectional), Control lines are used to control the peripherals and of course, the peripherals return status signals back to computer through Status lines. These lines are connected to Data, Control and Status registers internally.

The details of parallel port signal lines are given below:

You don’t generally need to bother about the control and status lines unless you are writing a parallel port driver.

And there is no great point in ‘reinventing the wheel’, so I guess you won’t bother to write the driver all over again unless it’s a device driver assignment given by your prof…

The data line is what will be of utmost importance to us, since we will either need to send out some navigational command (OUT) to our motor, or acquire some sensor input (IN).

Programming:

Before we start talking about programming, the register addresses are what we need to be aware of. Also downloading a port monitoring software would be a good idea to confirm our results when we are done.

Here is a link to download one such application:

http://www.geekhideout.com/parmon.shtml

Fig: Screenshot of parmon (parallel port monitor)

The numbers ‘378’, ‘379’ and ‘37A’ seen out here in the screen shot are parallel port register addresses. For a typical PC, the base address of LPT1 is 0×378 and of LPT2 is 0×278. The data register resides at this base address, status register at base address + 1 and the control register is at base address + 2. So once we have the base address, we can calculate the address of each registers in this manner. The table below shows the register addresses of LPT1 and LPT2

Programming Concepts

Almost all programming languages allow programmers to access parallel port using some library functions. We will be discussing about the conventionally used ‘C’ language as well as MATLAB.

Parallel port access in ‘C’:

In C, there are following functions used for accessing the port:

1. outportb( PORTID, data);
2. data = inportb( PORTID);
3. outport( PORTID, data);
4. data = inport( PORTID);

outport() function sends a word to port, inport() reads a word from the port. outportb() sends a byte to port and inportb() reads a byte from the port. If you include DOS.H header, these functions will be considered as macro, otherwise as functions. Function inport() will return a word having lower byte as data at PORTID and higher byte as data at PORTID+2. So, we can use this function to read status and control registers together. inportb() function returns byte at PORTID. outport() writes the lower byte to PORTID and higher byte to PORTID+1. So this can be used to write data and control together. outportb() function write the data to PORTID. outport() and outportb() returns nothing.

A sample program for blinking LEDs connected at the parallel port at a constant frequency is as shown below:

#include”conio.h”

#include”dos.h”

#define PORT 0×378

void main()
{
while(!kbhit())
{
outportb(PORT, ~inportb(PORT) );

delay(1000);
}
}

NOTE: Don’t forget to start ‘parmon’ so that you can comfortably monitor your port’s real time status.

Also remember that the parallel port output is internally latched and hence it retains the same status till a new data is sent onto the parallel port. So, for a motor control application if you have a byte dedicated for movement, make sure you have a byte dedicated to halt the motor. This byte should be sent at the parallel port whenever you want to halt the motor, otherwise the latched output will make the motor run continuously.

Parallel port access in MATLAB:

Initially, we create a parallel port object as shown below,

parport=digitalio(’parallel’,’LPT1′);

Post this, we add the actual hardware lines to this newly created parallel port object as also define the direction of data flow as done below:

line=addline(parport,0:7,0,’out’);

We declare an array containing the data that we want to snd at the port pins,

pval = [1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0];

Finally, using ‘putvalue’, we send the data at the port pins.

putvalue(parport,pval);

Use ‘getvalue’ the read the status of the port.

Points to note:

In case you are using the parallel port to drive motors or any such load, beware!! There is a very high amount of risk involved in this as the parallel port might get loaded and cause damage to the motherboard.

Hence, it is always a good idea to connect an opto-coupler between the parallel port and the motor driving circuit. This ensures isolation and allows us to use the parallel port without bothering about the safety of the motherboard.

A schematic for motor control using parallel port can be found below:

It uses MCT2E, an opto-isolator along with L293D for driving 2 DC motors.

You can download the data sheets from:

http://www.tranzistoare.ro/datasheets/90/424848_DS.pdf

http://www.st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/1330.pdf

So, go on and start programming. Your development time ends here!!!

The idea is to use off-the-shelf RF Tx/Rx modules. These modules, once a rare commodity, are now widely and cheaply available. In this particular discussion, we shall be using ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) based TX/RX pair operating at 433 MHz. The transmitter module accepts serial data at a maximum of XX baud rate. They can be directly interfaced to a microcontroller or can be used in remote control applications with the help of encoder/decoder ICs. The encoder IC takes in parallel data at the TX side, packages it into serial format and then transmits it with the help of a RF transmitter module. At the RX end, the decoder IC receives the signal via the RF receiver module, decodes the serial data and reproduces the original data in the parallel format.

ASK Transmitter	ASK Receiver

Now in order to control say one motor, we require 2 bits of information while we need 4 bits of information to control 2 motors. HT12E and HT12D are 4 channel encoder/decoder ICs directly compatible with the specified RF module. The schematic is as shown below.

In order to drive motors, we would need to connect a suitable motor driver at the output of the decoder IC. The motor driver circuit can consist of a Relay, transistorized H-Bridge or motor driver ICs like the L293D, L298 etc.

Relevant Links:
ASK RF modules, Encoder/Decoder ICs and motor drivers are available here at TRI’s Online Roboshop.

Datasheets:
HT12E

HT12D